Quill and Pen A Chronology of History

Events Which Influenced and Shaped the United States

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35000 B.C. - 999 A.D. In the Beginning
DATEEVENT
~35k BCBering Straits, probable crossing by Native American ancestors.
~16k BCThe Wisconsin Ice Age, began about 100,000 years ago, peaked 18,000.
~9000BCNeolithic Revolution, domestication of animals and crops in Near East.
~8350BCJericho founded: first walled town in the world (ten acres).
~7000BCCopper ore experiments in Anatolia.
~6500BCFirst farming in Greece and Aegean; spreads to Danube & Hungry c.5500; Germany c.4500; farmers cross to Britain c.4000.
Rice cultivation in Thailand c.6000.
Agriculture settlements in Egypt, c.5000.
Bronze castings in Near East; first use of plough, c.4000.
~3500BCSlavery begins in Mesopotamia, continues in the world today.
~3300BC"Iceman" dies in mountain region of Austria/Italy.
~3000BCStonehenge construction began: Salisbury Plains at Wiltshire, England.
~2600BCMayan civilization begins in Central America.
~1352BCDeath of Tutankhamun, Egyptian pharaoh from 1361-1352 BC.
~1200BCRussia and the Cimmerian; beginnings of nationalistic civilization.
~1000BCThe Plague suspected as killer in widespread deaths.
~500 BCClassical Philosophers and Poets, the founding fathers were thoroughly familiar with these Greco-Roman authors.
~500 BCThe Latin Library, Cicero, Livy, Horace, etc. Ability to read these sources extemporaneously was an entrance requirement at colonial schools such as Harvard.
336 BCAlexander the Great, at 20 years old, becomes king of Macedonia.
331 BCAlexander the Great, liberates Egypt from Persia,
is crowned pharaoh, founds Alexandria.
330 BCAlexander the Great, becomes king of Asia.
323 BCAlexander the Great, at 32, dies from exhaustion and battle wounds.
~82 BCJulius Caesar flees Rome following banishment by Sulla
but returns three years later.
63 BCRomans conquer Jewish Holy Land, present location of Israel,
West Bank, and Gaza.
63 BCJulius Caesar, with the help of Sosigenes, creates Julian Calendar.
58 BCJulius Caesar conquers Gaul.
55 BCJulius Caesar invades Britain, in 55-54 B.C.
44 BCJulius Caesar stabbed to death - 'et tu, Brute?'
======AD  ================================  AD
NOTE:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a diary of events from 1 A.D. through 1154 BUT dates have not been adjusted for calendar changes. Therefore, dates in the chronicle will NOT agree with corrected dates of other documents. See Calendar Change
Links to Old Style dates have been noted: (O/S)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A.D. 1The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (o/s). Introduction to Ingram's Edition: 1823.
A.D. 1The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (o/s). Part I, A.D. 1 through 748.
A.D. 3King Herod (o/s), antagonist of Jesus Christ, dies of self-inflicted wound.
Christ child is brought back from Egypt.
A.D. 6Beginning of the world (o/s), calculated at 5,200 years by author
of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
26Pontius Pilate begins reign over Jews (o/s).
30Jesus Christ baptised (o/s). Twelve apostles converted.
33Jesus Christ crucified (o/s), by soldiers of Pontius Pilate.
37Pontius Pilate (o/s) commits suicide, according to Orosius.
46Claudius invades Britain (o/s), to complete job started by Julius Caesar.
61The Leyden Plate, spinden date for a carved jade plaque in Mexico.
64The Great Fire of Rome begins on July 18.
Nero plays his fiddle as the city burns.
68Stela or oldest stone monument in Mexico. Spinden date.
70Jewish revolt against Romans fails, leaving Holy Land under Roman control.
84John the evangelist (o/s), on the island, Patmos, wrote "The Apocalypse".
135Second Jewish revolt against Romans fails, leaving Holy Land under Roman control.
189Severus subdues Britain (o/s), builds a long wall for defense.
217Pueblo Indians building permanent houses. Oldest roof-beam carbon-14 dated to year 217.
~400The Dark Ages refers to the period between the years 400 and about 900. So called because of the lack of historical records.
~400The Middle Ages refers to the period beween the decline of The Roman Empire (approx. 400) to about ~1500.
~400The Mound Builders of America; the Mississippi and Ohio valleys.
~400St. Augustine, English translations of his works on predestination which greatly influenced the Puritans.
~400The Christian Bible. There are Internet sites that permit users to immediately discover the Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, words behind many English words.
433Attila the Hun, "Scourge of God," becomes King of the Huns.
435Goths sack Rome (o/s), Roman rule of Britain ends.
449Hengest and Horsa (o/s), invited by king Wurtgern, land at Ipwinesfleet.
451Attila the Hun, invades Gaul, battle of Châlons.
452Attila the Hun, invades Italy.
486The Franks, invade Gaul, defeat the Romans.
542The Plague: Pandemic of the plague. Millions die.
~600'sArabs conquer Jewish Holy Land, proceed to expel Jews from region.
664King Erkenbert of Kent (o/s) dies. Year of plague; solar eclipse.
711Islam and the invasion of Spain
By invitation of one of the parties in a Christian war.
725Casa Grande, an Indian fort and large irrigation works.
Built in what is now Arizona.
732Battle of Tours halts the northern advance of Islamic power.
750The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (o/s), Part II, 750 through 919.
755Cynewulf deprives King Sebright (o/s), (Sigebert) of Anglo-Saxon kingdom.
780Old-Saxons (o/s), battle with Franks.
787Northmen from land of robbers (o/s). Danes invade English nation.
793Fierce storms (o/s), and "dragons" sweep across Britain.
797Pope Leo's (o/s) tongue and eyes cut out by Romans but he recovers!
802Egbert becomes the first King of All England
814Charlemagne, king of the Franks, and Holy Roman Emperor, dies
after 45 year reign as king. Pope Leo dies also (o/s).
823Great battles are fought (o/s) between West-Saxons and Mercians (Map).
827King Egbert (o/s) conquers Mercian kingdom (Map) and all south of the Humber.
835King Egbert (o/s), of the West-Saxons, defeats the Welsh and Danes.
837Through 840, Norsemen (o/s) gain virtual control over Britain.
839Æthelwulf inherits the throne of Wessex (Map).
Egbert dies after 37 year reign.
845Alderman Eanwulf (o/s), gets a victory over the invaders.
849Alfred the Great, king of Anglo-Saxons, born in Wanating, Berkshire.
850Norsemen (Vikings) defeat Irishmen: Eject them from Iceland.
But the British have some victories (o/s).
854King Ethelwulf (o/s) takes a break. Goes to Rome for a year!
858Æthelbald accedes to throne of Wessex (Map).
860Æthelbert accedes to throne of Wessex (Map).
866Æthelred I accedes to throne of Wessex (Map).
870West Franks form France. East Franks form Germany.
871Alfred (o/s), brother of King Ethered I, gets taste of battle.
871Æthelred I dies.
Alfred, the Great, becomes king of Wessex.
875King Alfred (o/s) wins a battle at sea.
876Viking warrior Rolla (o/s) penetrates into Normandy.
The army of Danes in England give oath to Alfred to depart.
878Danes double-cross Alfred (o/s); defeat his army; Alfred escapes.
885King Alfred (o/s) expands his military, takes on Danish ships.
887Charles, king of Franks (o/s) dies. Dominion divided.
891Year of "cometa," (o/s) or "hairy star," with a long tail.
893 England invaded by 330 Danish ships (o/s); Alfred responds in 894.
896 Alfred traps Danish ships (o/s) in the Lea, 20 miles above London.
897 Alfred constructs ships (o/s), becomes an Admiral against the Danes.
901 Alfred the Great dies (o/s). King for 29 years.
Son, Edward, takes over (900 actual date).
905 King Edward (o/s) survives double, double-cross.
910 King Edward (o/s) continues war against Danes, expands domain.
918 Another invasion (o/s); great navy comes south from Lidwiccians.
920The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (o/s), Part III, 920 through 1014.
921 King Edward (o/s) begins to rebuid towns and build forts.
924 Scots & North-humbrians (o/s) accept Edward as father and lord.
924 King Edward dies, at Farndon, Mercia.
Athelstan succeeds him in Mercia (Map).
926 King Athelstan (o/s) consolidates power with peace treaty at Emmet.
934 King Athelstan (o/s) invades and lays waste to Scotland.
940King Athelstan dies. Succeeded by 18 year-old Edmund Atheling.
946 King Edmund killed, stabbed by Leof at Pucklechurch (o/s).
Succeeded by his brother, Eadred Atheling.
955King Eadred dies at Frome. Succeeded by his sons
Eadwig (Edwy) Atheling of West-Saxons,
and Edgar Atheling of Mercia (Map).
959King Edwy dies (o/s) and his 16 year-old brother, Edgar, takes all.
972King Edgar expands (o/s) his domain into Bath and beyond.
975King Edgar succeeded (o/s) by his son Edward the Martyr.
978King Edward murdered (o/s). Succeeded by his brother,
Ethelred II Etheling, the Unready.
982Otho, emperor of Romans (o/s), marches into Greece;
meets great army of Saracens.
985Eric the Red colonizes Greenland.
991Ipswich plundered (o/s), Danes demand tribute of 10,000 pounds.
993Olave, the Viking (o/s), invades at Staines with 93 ships.
The following year, Olave and Sweyne attack London.
999Vikings continue (o/s) to plunder despite oaths of peace.
 
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