Quill and Pen A Chronology of History

Events Which Influenced and Shaped the United States

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1000 A.D. - 1199: The Dawning   [See Calendar Change for O/S dates]
~1000Leif Ericson, son of Eric the Red, builds dwelling on northeast coast of Newfoundland.
~1000Tiahuanaco civilization in Peru, widespread planting of potatoes, corn.
1000Vikings continue invasions (o/s) throughout England.
1002King Ethelred offers tribute (o/s); orders Danes killed.
1003Alderman Elfric, (o/s) turns yellow and Sweyne has his way.
1004Viking King Sweyne (o/s) brings more death but Ulfkytel makes him pay.
1005Great famine sweeps through England, (o/s) spreads to Denmark.
1006Viking's plunder intensifies, (o/s) - Ethelred's council offers tribute.
30,000 pounds paid the following year.
1008Ethelred orders ship-building, (o/s) throughout the land.
By 1009 there are "so many of them as never were in England before."
But the great navy is quickly destroyed by the Vikngs.
1010Ulfcytel meets the Vikings, (o/s) but his army is quickly overwhelmed.
The Danes remain masters of the field of slaughter.
1014Viking King Sweyne dies, (o/s) succeeded by son Knute.
Knute takes hostages, cuts off ears, noses, and hands.
King Ethelred II flees to Normandy.
Svein Forkbeard takes throne; dies five weeks later.
Ethelred II asked to return.
1015The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, (o/s) Part IV, 1015 through 1051.
1015Alderman Edric betrays (o/s) Sigferth and Morcar. They are killed and
Edric takes 40 ships from King Ethelred & joins King Knute's forces.
1016King Ethelred II dies - Edmund II accedes to throne.
1016Knute (Canute) comes again (o/s) with Edric and 160 ships.
Canute (Knute) defeats Edmund; Edmund later dies;
Canute becomes King Canute I.
1017King Knute (Canute I) takes all England; (o/s) divides it; Edric gets Mercia.
1028King Canute I invades Norway! (o/s) with 50 ships, drives out King Olave;
adds Norway to his Anglo-Saxon domain.
1030Olave returns to Norway; (o/s) is killed by his own people.
1031Canute (Knute) returns to England, (o/s) then traveled to Rome, and later
Scotland where Malcolm, king of Scots, submits to him.
1031Robert, Earl of Normandy, (o/s) goes to Jerusalem where he died; and
a child, William, succeeds him to the earldom.
1035Canute I (Knute) dies; (o/s) Hardacnute expects to get throne.
Harald accedes by claiming to also be a son of Knute.
Knute's son, Hardacnute, prepares to invade from Denmark.
1040King Harald dies; (o/s) succeeded by Hardacnute. Canute II
Hardacnute orders Harald's body thrown into a ditch!
1042King Canute II (Hardacnute) (o/s) drops dead from over-drinking;
Edward III, the Confessor, named king before the burial.
1043King Edward (o/s), aided by advisors, confiscates his mother's wealth.
1044King Edward (o/s) marries Edgitha. Great famine in England.
1048Earthquake, storms, (o/s) and famine plague England.
Sweyne returns to Denmark; Magnus dies; Harold visits Norway.
1049Earl Sweyne returns to England (o/s) as emperor; amasses great army.
1051Great battle and slaughter (o/s) erupts at Dover over quartering of soldiers.
The two sides square off threatening a national war.
1052Lady Elfgiva Emma dies (o/s), mother of Edward, - Hardacnute, and
relict of King Ethelred and of King Knute.
Welsh king Griffin plunders Herefordshire, threatens Leominster.
1054Leo, the holy pope, dies in Rome: (o/s) succeeded by Victor.
Earl Siward leads large army against Scotland, King Macbeth flees.
Siward dies 1055 at York: Tosty (Tostig), son of Godwin, inherits earldom.
1056Griffin taks oaths (o/s), be a faithful viceroy to King Edward.
Beginning in Milan of the democratic Pataria movement, i.e.,
churchmen opposing simony and supporting clerical celibacy.
1057Edward Etheling (o/s), son of King Edmund, returns to England and dies.
Macbeth murdered by Malcolm; succeeded by his stepson Lulach.
Leofric of Mercia dies; succeeded by Alfgar.
1063King Griffin of Wales dies (o/s), killed by his own men.
Earl Harold delivers Griffin's head to King Edward.
1065Chronicle of St. Bartholomew massacre (o/s); the first one.
Another took place in 1572.
1066The "hairy star" returns (o/s). Earl Tosty invades in the north.
King Edward dies; Harold named successor.
King Harold counter attacks (o/s) and learns that Wiliam is on the way.
The Norman Conquest and the Battle of Hastings.
Killed were: Harold of Norway, Harold of England, and Tosty.
William I, the Conquerer becomes ruler of England.
1067Edgar, a child but rightful king (o/s); mother - siblings flee to Scotland.
King Malcolm grants asylum but soon has a lust for Edgar's little sister.
1068King Harold's sons (o/s) invade England from Ireland but are defeated.
Uprisings in the north and west of England crushed by William I.
She-tsung, Emperor of China, nationalizes agriculture.
1069King Sweyne's sons (o/s) invade England from Denmark with 240 ships
but they too are defeated.
1070Laws of William the Conqueror
Uprising in Ely Christien (o/s) led by Hereward.
1071William the Conquerer (o/s) puts down uprising at Ely.
1072William I invades Scotland (o/s) but "found there nothing of any value."
1073William invades continent (o/s); wins the district of Maine.
1074 Malcolm of Scotland (o/s) loses ships on trip to visit Philip of France
then turns to William and arranges peace.
1075 King William I (o/s) rounds up enemies and disposes of them.
1076 Sweyne, King of Denmark dies (o/s), succeeded by his son Harold.
William I invades Brittany (o/s) but suffers a defeat.
1077 William I reconciles (o/s), with the Franks but it doesn't last.
London burned; Drought brings fires throughout England.
1079 Robert, son of King William (o/s), deserts his father for his uncle Robert
in Flanders; dispute over Normandy. - Leads to a family war.
Old Tookie Wiggodson was killed by a 'dart' while bringing William a horse!
1080 Northumbrians (o/s), at a council meeting, kill 100 & Bishop Walker.
1083 Tumult at Glastonbury (o/s), betwixt Abbot Thurstan and his monks,
a hell of a fight in the church!
1085 Cnute, King of Denmark (o/s), son of King Sweyne, plans invasion of England.
William brings huge army from Normandy, conducts a census.
1085Ferdinand I of León obtains surrender of Toledo from its Islamic ruler. Important date because Toledo contained a good library of Arabic learning concerning medicine, astrology, astronomy, pharmacology, psychology, physiology, biology, optics, chemistry, physics, mathematics, music, and navigation among other subjects. These materials were later woven into European culture.
1086 Easter, in Winchester (o/s), William I knights his son Henry.
Bad weather makes it a miserable year.
1087Famine and pestilence, sickness, and death (o/s), throughout England.
William I attacks Philip in France from Normandy (o/s) and burns Mante.
But he loses: William I dies (o/s); succeeded by son William II.
1088 Anarchy erupts in England (o/s), as Frenchmen, led by Bishop Odo
and the king's borther, Robert, sack and loot.
1090 King William II (o/s), decides to get revenge on his brother Robert,
but Robert appeals to Philip of France for help. Philip agrees but
after arriving in England, sides with King William.
1091 King William II (o/s), goes to Normandy and meets with Robert;
they agree on a treaty but King Malcolm of Scotland has other ideas
and invades England. William & Robert meet him and make peace.
1093 King William II (o/s), very sick, promises to repent. He gets well
and reneges. King Malcolm demands that he keep the promises of
their treaty. William agrees, then double-crosses Malcolm.
1094 Robert of Normandy (o/s), renounces peace unless William II keeps terms
of treaty. William departs for Normandy to see his brother but they
can't agree and wars erupt in France, England, and Scotland.
The Scots kill King Duncan; succeeded by his uncle Dufenal.
1095 Henry, brother of William II (o/s), takes a force against his uncle Robert,
in Normandy and does a lot of damage. William is ticked, but he has to
go to Wales to put down an uprising there.
1096 William II deposes (o/s), his brother Robert in Normandy.
1097 William II invades (o/s), Wales but fails. Sends Edgar Etheling to Scotland;
overthrows King Dufenal; installs Edgar, son of King Malcolm.
1100William II killed (o/s) in hunting "accident" by one of his own men.
Succeeded by his brothers: King Henry, England; Earl Robert, Normandy.
Mayan civilization reaches it's peak in Central America.
1101Earl Robert decides (o/s) to invade Henry's turf but a treaty is reached;
Henry agrees to pay 3,000 marks per year to Robert.
1105King Henry (o/s) double-crosses his brother; takes parts of Normandy.
1106King Henry (o/s) invades, captures Normandy; takes Robert prisoner.
Emperor of Saxony slain by his son who succeeds to empire.
1107King Edgar of Scotland dies (o/s), Henry grants Alexander succession.
1108 Philip, King of France dies (o/s), son Louis succeeds while Henry is in Normandy.
Trouble erupts between kings Louis and Henry.
1111 King Henry returns (o/s), to Normandy to salvage interest at Maine.
1112 King Henry remains (o/s), in Normandy fighting the Earl of Anjou.
1117 King Henry (o/s), in Normandy, and King Louis square off in war.
1118 War in France (o/s), continues against Louis and Earl of Anjou,
but takes a toll on Henry's forces; many English desert.
1119 Louis is beaten back (o/s), from Normandy. Henry's son, William,
marries daughter of Fulke, Earl of Anjou.
1120 King Louis and King Henry (o/s) reach treaty; Henry keeps Normandy.
Henry's sons, William and Richard, lost at sea.
1121 King Henry subdues Wales (o/s); marries Athelis who becomes queen.
Fulke, Earl of Anjou, returns from Jerusalem, demands daughter's return.
1123 King Henry presides over rebellion (o/s) in the church.
1124 King Henry in Normandy (o/s) all year, against Louis and Fulke.
Alexander of Scotland dies; succeeded by David, his brother.
1125 Henry decrees that 'mint-men' (o/s) (rich) loose right hands and testicles.
1129 Pope Honorius dies (o/s); replaced by two popes, Peter and Gregory.
1131 Diseases plague animals (o/s) throughout England; cattle and swine perish.
1135 King Henry dies at Normandy (o/s), buried at Reading in England.
Anarchy erupts; succeeded by nephew, Stephen de Blois.
1137 King Stephen proves (o/s), to be weak ruler. Anarchy prevails.
Earls build castles, terrorize, torture, and rob the people.
1138 King David of Scotland (o/s), invades England but is repelled by
William, Earl of Albemarle.
1140 Anarchy continues in England (o/s);
King Stephen briefly imprisoned; (Actual date 1141)
Empress of Germany, Mitilda, daughter of King Henry, joins fray.
1154 King Stephen dies (o/s); buried at Faversham beside wife and son.
Henry, son of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou and Maine, accedes as
King Henry II, of England, 19 Dec. 1154.
Note:End of period covered in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. (o/s)
1164Constitution of Clarendon, established rights of laymen; Church of England.
1166Assizes of Clarendon. Foundation for principle of "due process."
1181Assizes of Arms. Defined rights and duties of people and militia.
"Right to bear arms."
1189King Henry II dies two days after losing battle to son Richard and
Philip II Augustus of France.
Richard I, The Lion Hearted, succeeds as king.
1199King Richard I, The Lion Hearted, dies succeeded by John, Lackland.
 
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