Quill and Pen A Chronology of History

Events Which Influenced and Shaped the United States

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1200 - 1399: Struggle For Power
1206Genghis Khan becomes ruler of Mongolia.
1215Genghis Khan conquers Beijing, China.
1215Magna Carta, 1st version, sealed by King John (Lackland) at Runnymede
but not incorporated into law until 1297.
1216King John, (Lackland) dies, 18 October. Succeeded by son Henry
who becomes King Henry III
1218Genghis Khan sweeps through Central Asia, including the steppes of Russia.
1225Magna Carta reissued for third time, in definitive form.
1227Genghis Khan dies on August 18.
1237Batu, grandson of Genghis Khan, leads Mongols into heartland of Russia.
1240Kiev destroyed, placing Russia under the Mongol Empire.
1241Ogotai, son of Genghis Khan, lays waste to much of Hungary and Poland.
1258King Henry III, forced to submit to Provisions of Oxford
1264Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, establishes his capital in Cambaluc (Beijing.)
1264Civil War erupts in England led by Simon de Montfort.
King Henry III is subdued, Montfort takes over government.
1265First English Parliament convenes January 20.
1265King Henry III makes come back; de Montford is slain.
127117 year old Marco Polo and his father leave Venice for China.
Arrive in Shangdu 3 years later.
1272King Henry III dies, succeeded by his son Edward I (Longshanks).
1278Statute of Gloucester, enacted in England; gives crown better
national control over feudal lords.
1279Kublai Khan completes conquest of China establishing
Mongol Empire dynasty that ruled from 1279 until 1368.
1282Llywelyn ap Gruffydd of Wales dies; Wales is divided into shires.
English civil law introduced.
1295Marco Polo and his father, return to Venice (with pasta from China)
after a 24 year absence.
1297Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I, for first time enters English
statute rolls as law.
1297William Wallace incites rebellion; defeats English army at Stirling.
Edward defeats Wallace at Falkirk in 1298; executes him in 1304.
1298Marco Polo, completes his book - Description of the World. See excerpt.
~1300The Renaissance began in Italy during the early 1300's and spread to England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and other countries in the late 1400's. The period ended about 1600.
1306Robert Bruce instigates revolt; defeats Edward's army at Bannockburn.
Edward mounts ruthless campaign in Scotland.
1307King Edward I dies; his oldest son accedes as King Edward II.
1314Robert Bruce defeats Edward II's army at Bannockburn; gains
independence for Scotland that lasts till 1707.
1320The Declaration of Arbroath. Scotland's formal declaration of
independence from England.
1326King Edward II's wife, Queen Isabella, betrays him for Roger Mortimer.
The couple over-throw Edward II and imprison him.
1327King Edward II abdicates, January 25, murdered 8 months later.
His 15 year-old son accedes as King Edward III, Feb. 1.
1327Aztecs, after defeating the Toltecs in 1325, establish Mexico City.
1330King Edward III takes control, executes Roger Mortimer and exiles
his own mother, Isabella.
1332England's Parliament divides into two houses.
1333King Edward III & Edward Baliol, defeat David II of Scotland
and drive him into exile.
1337The 100 Years War; so bad that it lasted 117 years.
1340England wins naval battle of Sluys, gains contol of English Channel.
1347The Plague: Pandemic in Europe; in India (1332);
in Mongolia (1320.) Millions die.
1347English victories, at Crecy, 1346, and Calais, 1347, establishes
military supremacy on land.
1348Black Death ravages Europe 1948-50, by as much as 50%.
~1350Manner of Holding Parliament: the first formal procedure.
~1350The Iroquois Confederacy. (Native American League of Nations)
established at Onondaga, NY. First true democracy.
1352Treason, defined by statute for the first time.
1355England invades France, led by King Edward III's son;
Edward, the Black Prince.
1359Edward, the Black Prince, encircles Paris, the French surrender.
1360The Treaty of Bretigny, cedes huge areas of France to England.
1362English replaces French as the national language of England.
1364Aztecs build their capital at Tenochtitlan, Mexico.
1369John of Gaunt, another of the King Edward III's sons, invades France.
1376Edward, the Black Prince dies; Edward III goes into morning.
1377King Edward III, dies; June 21, after 50 year reign.
Succeeded by 10 year-old Richard II, son of Edward, the Black Prince.
1397King Richard II arrests and exiles Henry Bolingbroke.
1399Henry Bolingbroke returns; Parliament names him king, Henry IV.
King Richard II is deposed by Bolingbroke, imprisoned, and
then murdered in prison; starts Wars of the Roses.
John of Gaunt dies.
 
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